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Nitrogen group elements
Nitrogen group elements
The group 5 elements on the periodic table, which include nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb) and bismuth (Bi).
Nitrogen and phosphorus are two of the vital constituents in all living things.
Nobelium (No)
Element 102 on the periodic table. An artificial and radioactive element of the actinide series.
It was discovered in 1958 by Albert Ghiorso, T. Sikkeland, J.R. Walton and Glenn T. Seaborg. It is a transuranium element.
Noble gases
The members of group 8 on the periodic table (from top to bottom) helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe) and radon (Rn).
These gases are almost entirely inert.
Noble metals
Gold (Au), iridium (Ir), osmium (Os), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), rhenium (Rh), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru) and silver (Ag).
They are the least reactive metals. (See also: Reactivity series.)
Non-ferrous
Metals other than iron and steel, for example, aluminium.
Non-metals
Brittle substances that do not conduct electricity. Examples include sulphur, phosphorus and all the gases.
Nuclear reactions
Reactions that occur in the core, or nucleus, of an atom.
O
Osmium (Os)
Element 76 on the periodic table. A grey-white metal, the densest
naturally occurring element. Osmium belongs to the transition metals.
Osmium is hard and brittle. It was once made into filaments in electric light bulbs, but has now been replaced by tungsten. The English chemist Smithson Tennant discovered it in 1804. Osmium
is known for the unpleasant (and poisonous) odour of some of its compounds.
Oxide
A compound that includes oxygen and one other element. (See also: Corrosion, corrode.)
Oxidise
To combine with or gain more oxygen.
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 Oxygen – Oxygen is an important gas for combustion. Here a stick of carbon is strongly ignited when a flow of pure oxygen is applied through a test tube. With just the oxygen in the air the carbon would simply glow.