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Beaufort scale Beaufort scale
A scale for measuring wind speed in units from force 0 (calm) to force 12 (hurricane force). 0123456
Calm
Calm; smoke rises vertically.
Light air Direction of wind shown by smoke drift, but not by wind vanes.
Light breeze
Wind felt on face; leaves rustle; ordinary vane moved by wind.
Gentle breeze Leaves and small twigs in constant motion; wind extends light flag.
Moderate breeze Raises dust and loose paper; small branches are moved.
Fresh breeze Small trees in leaf begin to sway; crested wavelets form on inland waters.
Strong breeze Large branches in motion; whistling heard in telephone wires; umbrellas used with difficulty.
7 8 9 10 11 12
Near gale
Whole trees
in motion; inconvenience felt when walking against the wind.
Black ice
Gale
Breaks twigs off trees; generally impedes progress.
Strong gale
Slight structural damage occurs (chimney lids and tiles removed).
Blizzard
Storm
Seldom experienced inland; trees uprooted; considerable structural damage occurs.
Violent storm Hurricane
Very rarely experienced; Severe damage. accompanied by
widespread damage.
storm with winds of more than 50km/h and enough snow to limit visibility to 150m or less. A severe blizzard occurs when winds exceed 72km/h, visibility is near zero and temperatures fall below –12°C. In countries such as the United Kingdom, where blizzards are much less common, the term is used for any combination of heavy snow and strong winds.
An extremely thin sheet of ice
that develops on winter roads
but cannot be easily seen since
the black road surface (tarmac) continues to look normal. It occurs when air temperatures fall below about 3°C and is a driving hazard. (See also: Glaze.)
A combination of snow and strong wind such that the snow moves almost horizontally and causes severe snow-drifts. Definitions of blizzards vary between countries. The term blizzard was first used
in the central United States, where such conditions are common in winter. The United States Weather Service defines a blizzard as a
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