Easter Sunday is the first Sunday after the first Full Moon in spring. That is why it varies between one year and the next.
Easter remembers and celebrates the resurrection of Jesus after His death on the Cross.
On Good Friday, Jesus Christ died on the Cross, After His death, Jesus' body was taken down from the Cross and buried in a tomb carved out of a cliff (effectively a cave). The tomb was shut by an enormous stone and a guard placed by it. This was to stop anyone stealing the body.
On the Sunday after Jesus' death, Mary Magdalene, one of his followers, arrived at the tomb. She was amazed to see that the stone was rolled away and when she went inside, she saw that Jesus' body was missing. Suddenly she looked up and saw a man standing beside her. Mary asked the man if he knew where the body had gone, and the man said "Mary, it is I."
The man was Jesus, risen from the dead.