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Boron (B)
Boron (B)
Element 5 on the periodic table. A metalloid of group 3 (the boron group).
It is a very hard, black semi-conductor. It will scratch corundum and can be used as an abrasive. Boron is commonly found in the mineral borax.
Boron was discovered in 1808 by French scientists Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis-Jacques Thenard and also by British scientist Sir Humphry Davy.
It is used to increase hardness in steel. Borosilicate glass is the common heat-proof glass used for ovenware, often under the trade name Pyrex®.
Boron group elements
The elements in group 3 on
the periodic table, which include boron (B), aluminium (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In) and thallium (Tl).
Boron is the lightest of the
group and is a metalloid; all the others are silvery-white metals. In terms of usefulness aluminium is by far the most important member of the group.
Boyle, Robert
The English chemist Robert Boyle (1627-1691) was the first to understand that all matter was made of fundamental substances that could not be reduced by physical or chemical means – elements.
In 1661 he pointed out that
the four Greek ‘elements’ of earth, fire, air and water could not
be the real chemical elements because they cannot combine to form other substances, nor can they be extracted from other substances.
Brass
A metal alloy mainly of copper and zinc.
Bromine (Br)
Element 35 on the periodic table. One of the halogens (group 7 elements).
It is an amber-brown gas that
is highly poisonous. In 1826
the French chemist Antoine-Jérôme Balard discovered bromine as a compound in salt left after the evaporation of seawater. Bromine compounds (bromides) are used
in photography and as sedatives
in medicine.
 Brass – Brass is usually made from about 64% copper and 36% zinc. This saxophone is made of brass.
 Bromine – This is brown bromine gas, one of the halogens.
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