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Tin (Sn)
Element 50 on the periodic table. A soft, silvery-white metal of group 4 (the carbon group). It has been known since earliest times, when it was alloyed with copper to make bronze. Tin is highly resistant to corrosion because, on exposure to air, it forms a thin film of tin oxide on its surface. Tin is easily worked (malleable) and has a low melting point.
 Tin – Because tin is unreactive, it has been used extensively in the canning industry to coat steel cans. In this picture you can see how the can rusts if the tin is scraped off and the steel exposed to the air.
It has been used for protecting steel in cans and on cooking dishes.
Tin is a weak metal and is not used for any form of construction. Alloys that include tin are solder, pewter, bronze and bell metal.
Thorium (Th)
Thorium (Th)
Element 90 on the periodic table. A silvery-white radioactive metal of the actinide series.
It was discovered in 1828 by Jöns Jacob Berzelius. Thorium
is added to magnesium alloys
to improve their high-temperature strength.
Thulium (Tm)
Element 69 on the periodic table. A rare-earth metal and one of the lanthanides. Thulium was discovered
in 1879 by Per Teodor Cleve, who named it after an ancient word for Scandinavia. It is particularly rare and
has few uses.
Titanium (Ti)
Element 22 on the periodic table. A silvery-grey metal belonging to the transition metals.
It has a low density and great strength and also resists corrosion well. It was discovered in 1791
by the English chemist William Gregor. Alloyed with other metals, it is used for replacement hips and in aircraft.
Transition elements, transition metals
Broadly defined as those elements in the middle of the periodic table between groups 2 and 3. They
are all metals and make up the majority of the known elements, including the lanthanides (rare- earth metals) and actinides.
The members of the transition metals are as follows, in ascending
atomic number (those which are more commonly found are shown in bold italics): scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, lutetium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, mercury, lawrencium, rutherfordium, dubnium, seaborgium, bohrium, hassium, meitnerium, ununnilium, unununium and ununbium.
In addition, there are
groups of very rare elements that make up part of the transition metals. These elements are part of the lanthanide and actinide
series of metals and are shown on the periodic table at the bottom. The lanthanide metals are, in
ascending atomic number: lanthanium, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium and ytterbium.
The actinide metals are, in ascending atomic number: actinium, thorium, protactinium,
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