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Silver (Ag)
Silver (Ag)
Element 47 on the periodic table. A soft, silvery metal belonging to the transition metals.
Silver is one of the precious metals. It is common in jewellery (but not in modern ‘silver’ coins). Silver is also an excellent conductor of electricity. It is alloyed with elements such as nickel to make electrical contacts.
Silver is widely distributed in nature, but the total amount is quite small. It is normally recovered during the processing of lead, copper and zinc ores.
Sodium (Na)
Element 11 on the periodic table. A soft, silvery-white metal of group 1 (the alkali metals).
It is a common element, especially as the compound sodium chloride – common salt.
Sodium is the most common alkali metal and the sixth most abundant element on Earth. Sodium metal is very reactive. It easily ignites in air and reacts vigorously with water to release hydrogen, which then catches fire.
Sodium is widely used to make chemicals and also for yellow sodium vapour bulbs.
Sodium pellet
 Silver – Silver is extremely reflective and is used for mirrors.
Soluble
The property of dissolving in a liquid. The dissolving liquid is called the solvent. (Compare with: Insoluble.)
Solute
A substance that has dissolved in a solution.
Solution
A mixture containing one substance dissolved in a solvent.
Solvent
The main substance in a solution.
Strontium (Sr)
Element 38 on the periodic table. A soft, leadlike metal of group 2 (the alkaline earths).
It was discovered in 1790 by the Scottish scientists Adair Crawford and William Cruikshank.
Strontium has few uses except as the red colour in signal flares. Radioactive isotopes of strontium are produced during nuclear explosions, and they are the main health hazard in radioactive fallout.
 Sodium – Sodium is a soft, silvery-looking metal that tarnishes very quickly. Here a clear face has just been cut with a spatula. The sodium is being held with tongs.
Sulphur (S)
Element 16 on the periodic table. A yellow non-metal in group 6 (the oxygen group).
It is one of the most reactive of the elements. It is the ninth most abundant element in the universe and is the third most common element in minerals after oxygen and silicon.
Pure sulphur is a brittle solid that is a poor conductor of electricity and is insoluble in water.
Sulphur has been known since ancient times as brimstone.
 Strontium – Strontium produces a distinctive red flame when burned.
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