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Transpiration Transpiration
The release of water vapour into the air by plants as they respire (take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen).
Tropical climate
Climates mainly between 30°N and 30°S of the equator are considered tropical. They include the tropical rainforest (equatorial) climate, the monsoon climate, the savanna climate and the main areas of desert.
Tropical continental climate
A hot climate in which the
average monthly temperature never falls below 18°C. Dry seasons occur at the time when the trade winds blow, and wet seasons of thundery weather correspond with the influence of the equatorial low.
Tropical cyclone
A deep low pressure region that originates in the tropics, and
that develops spiralling hurricane- force winds. Tropical cyclones are called hurricanes in the Americas and typhoons in the North Pacific. (See also: Eye and Eye wall.)
climates have higher rainfall than those that simply experience an ordinary wet season.
Tropics
The part of the Earth that lies between the Tropic of Cancer (23.5°N) and the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5°S).
(For weather features of the tropics see: Albedo; Cumulus cloud; Cumulonimbus cloud; Cyclone; El Niño; Equatorial low; Hot dry climate; Jet stream; Monsoon; Tropical climate; Tropical cyclone; Tropical marine climate.)
Tropopause
The boundary between the lower part of the atmosphere that contains all of the clouds and weather (the troposphere) and the higher part of the atmosphere (the stratosphere) that acts like a lid, keeping the weather below it.
Trough of low pressure
A part of the atmosphere
where two low pressure regions make a lozenge-shaped region of low pressure.
Twister
Another name for a tornado.
Typhoon
The name in the West Pacific for a tropical cyclone with winds of over 120km/h. A typhoon is an alternative name for hurricane.
Virga
Trails of rain seen falling from the base of the cloud but which evaporate (see: Evaporation) before reaching the ground.
Visibility
The distance that can be seen clearly. Haze, smog, mist and fog may all reduce visibility.
Tropical marine climate
A hot climate in which the
trade winds bring rain for part of the year, and the equatorial low dominates for the rest of
the year, bringing calm weather but daily thunderstorms. Mainly affects tropical islands.
Tropical monsoon climate
A hot climate in which the average monthly temperature does not fall below 18°C, and the wet season corresponds to a time when moist air flows onshore from the neighbouring hot ocean. Monsoon
V
Veer
A wind that shifts in a clockwise direction. Often noticeable as a weather front passes through.
 Virga – Virga are the long trails of rain seen coming from the bottom of a thundercloud.
W
Warm front
A sloping boundary between cold and warm air in a depression. It is a place where cloud and rain are most likely.
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