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After the eruption is over, all that is left of the top of the mountain is a huge pit which, if the rim is intact, may fill with water to make a crater lake.
One of the most famous crater lakes is in Oregon. The volcano that used to exist there has been called Mount Mazama by scientists. The summit lake – called Crater Lake – is 11 kilometres across, and the
water is over 600 metres deep.
Just because the centre of the volcano
collapses, it does not mean that the volcano becomes extinct. Far from it. In the case of Crater Lake a new cone – Wizard Island – is already forming.
(Below) A satellite near-vertical image of Pico de Teide, Tenerife, Canary Islands. The half-oval shape in the centre of the picture is a summit caldera which is about 16 kilometres across at its widest. The half of the caldera facing top right has been blown away.
(Right) This is Crater Lake in Oregon, probably the world’s most famous crater lake. The volcano used to be 4500 metres high, but 6500 years ago the summit collapsed. The rim of Crater Lake is now about 2000 metres above sea level, so more than half of the mountain sank into the ground. A new cone has been building up since this time. It forms Wizard Island in the middle of this picture.