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of lava flow in lava tubes beneath a solidified crust of lava. Protected from losing heat by the overlying crust, they can flow for many kilometres. The volcanic cones produced by these eruptions are shield volcanoes. Mauna Loa, for example, is about 130 kilometres in diametre
and reaches over 9000 metres from the sea floor. The mountain has a volume of 40,000 cubic kilometres, making it the world’s largest.
The Hawaiian type of eruption is more or less continually in action in a small way. The lava flows in Hawaii spread out radially from the summit.
Strombolian type
The strombolian type of eruption is sufficiently violent to produce a very high fountain of lava as well as sending rivers of lava down the sides of the cone. However, the
(Left) Basaltic lava congeals on the surface into a black rock that looks like molten tar, while molten lava flows underneath in lava tubes, often for many kilometres.
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