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Latosol
 Iron pan – An iron pan can be seen as a thin orange line in some podzol soils.
Iron pan
A layer of iron rich soil that lies
at the top of a B horizon in a podzol soil. An iron pan is usually impermeable and so holds up water above it. (See also: Laterite.)
Irrigation
The artificial watering of land in order to help it produce better crops. There are many irrigation methods, including flooding the land (as in paddy fields), using sprays and sprinklers and drip feeding the roots of plants using pipes laid across the fields.
Black humus layer (mor) or podzol soil
Light grey part of topsoil that has lost iron.
Iron pan – the deposition of iron from the grey layer above
J
Joint
A significant crack between blocks of rock, normally used to mean patterns of cracks. (See also: Bedding planes and Fractures.)
L
Laccolith
A lens-shaped body of intrusive igneous rock with a dome-shaped upper surface and a flat bottom surface. It is a relatively uncommon feature.
Subsoil
Laterite
A former soil layer that has become exposed by the erosion of the topsoil. Most laterites were formed in tropical environments over
iron rich rocks. The main cause of a laterite is the leaching of iron from hillside soils and its transport through the soil to places where
it becomes concentrated, usually in the subsoils of soils close to a valley floor.
The iron content of a laterite
layer can be extraordinarily high. While it remains part of the subsoil, the iron rich layer stays soft; but
if the topsoil is eroded away, the subsoil dries out to a rock-like substance. Laterites are so rich in iron that they have been used as iron ore supplies for iron and steel plants. (See also: Latosol.)
Latosol
A tropical rain-forest soil containing a subsoil very rich in iron. If the topsoil is eroded away, the subsoil of a latosol may form into a laterite.
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