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Sea breeze Sea breeze
A coastal wind caused by the heating effect of the land relative to the sea. During a hot day the land heats up, and the air in contact
 Sea breeze – Sea breezes forming clouds just inland of the coast.
with it becomes less dense and rises. This, in turn, sucks in cold air from the sea. At night the land may become cooler than the sea, in which case an offshore wind (land breeze) develops.
 Sea breeze – This diagram shows the way that a sea breeze is produced. Notice that the breeze is set up because the land is warmed, causing the warmed air to rise. Cool air flows in from the sea to take the place of the rising warm air. This is an example of convection.
Clouds form over warm land.
Air sinks
over cool sea. No cloud.
Coastal fog
Air drawn inland to give sea breeze.
Cool sea
Season
A period of the year that has
a marked character (for example, summer is hot; a dry season has very little rain).
In June the Sun is overhead at about 22°N of the equator, and it warms the Northern Hemisphere considerably more strongly than the Southern Hemisphere. As a result, the equatorial low is centred in the Northern Hemisphere, and all of the weather belts adjust accordingly, squashing together in the north and stretching out in the south.
 Season – The tropics experience seasons because of the movement of the overhead Sun. Because the Sun is always high in the sky, all places are hot; seasons are created by rain.
Low-angled Sun
Polar high
In this region of subtropical highs the air sinks throughout the year, and little rain falls. This is where most deserts are found.
Overhead (high-angled Sun)
Sun
Mid-latitude westerly winds Subtropical highs
Equatorial low
Rising moist air over tropical oceans causes thunderstorms nearly every day.
Warm air from the tropics meets cold air from the poles in this region of the mid-latitudes. Here, the weather is very changeable, with periods of cloud and rain mixed with settled weather.
Subtropical highs
Mid-latitude westerly winds
Polar high
Cold air sinks over the pole and moves back to the equator.
Low-angled Sun
This region is so cold that little snow falls. However, snow that does fall rarely melts, and so snow and ice build up to cover the surface.
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